Phalloidin Conjugates For Staining Actin
 | We provide a number of Molecular Probes® fluorescent and biotinylated derivatives of phalloidin that deliver significant advantages over antibodies for actin labeling.
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Phalloidin Overview
Phalloidin is a bicyclic peptide that belongs to a family of toxins isolated from the deadly Amanita phalloides “death cap” mushroom and is commonly used in imaging applications to selectively label F-actin in fixed cells, permeabilized cells, and cell-free experiments. Labeled phalloidin conjugates have similar affinity for both large and small filaments and bind in a stoichiometric ratio of about one phallotoxin per actin subunit in both muscle and nonmuscle cells; they reportedly do not bind to monomeric G-actin, unlike some antibodies against actin.
Alexa Fluor® Phalloidin Conjugates
Fluorescent conjugates of phalloidin using the Molecular Probes® Alexa Fluor® dyes are now the preferred F-actin stains for most applications across the full spectral range. The Alexa Fluor® phalloidin conjugates provide researchers with fluorescent probes that are designed to be superior in brightness and photostability to all other spectrally similar conjugates tested (Figure 1).
 | Figure 1. Fixed, permeabilized bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells visualized using components of the SelectFX® Nuclear Labeling Kit and Alexa Fluor® phalloidin conjugates. Nuclei and F-actin were stained, respectively, with (top left) DAPI and Alexa Fluor® 680 phalloidin, (top right) SYTOX® Green dye and Alexa Fluor® 568 phalloidin, (bottom left) 7-AAD and Alexa Fluor® 488 phalloidin, and (bottom right) TO-PRO®-3 dye and Alexa Fluor® 350 phalloidin. |
Alexa Fluor® Phalloidin Conjugates
| Actin-Selective Probe | Ex/Em* | ~MW | Spectrally Similar To | Cat. No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alexa Fluor® 350 phalloidin | 346/446† | 1100 | AMCA, coumarin | A22281 |
| Alexa Fluor® 488 phalloidin | 495/517† | 1320 | FITC, Cy®2 dye | A12379 |
| Alexa Fluor® 532 phalloidin | 528/555† | 1350 | -- | A22282 |
| Alexa Fluor® 546 phalloidin | 554/570† | 1800 | TRITC, Cy®3 dye | A22283 |
| Alexa Fluor® 555 phalloidin | 555/565† | 1800 | TRITC, Cy®3 dye | A34055 |
| Alexa Fluor® 568 phalloidin | 578/600† | 1590 | Rhodamine Red™ dye | A12380 |
| Alexa Fluor® 594 phalloidin | 593/617† | 1620 | Texas® Red dye | A12381 |
| Alexa Fluor® 633 phalloidin | 625/645† | 1900 | -- | A22284 |
| Alexa Fluor® 635 phalloidin | 633/648† | 1900 | -- | A34054 |
| Alexa Fluor® 647 phalloidin | 649/666† | 1950 | Cy®5 dye | A22287 |
| Alexa Fluor® 660 phalloidin | 661/689† | 1750 | -- | A22285 |
| Alexa Fluor® 680 phalloidin | 677/699† | 1850 | Cy®5.5 dye | A22286 |
* Excitation (Ex) and emission (Em) maxima, in nm. Spectra of phallotoxins are either in aqueous buffer, pH 7–9 (denoted †) or in methanol.
Other Nonfluorescent & Fluorescent Phalloidin Conjugates
We also offer unlabeled phalloidin and a broad range of classic phalloidin conjugates including phalloidin labeled with biotin, fluorescein, rhodamine, Texas® Red, BODIPY® dyes and eosin.
* Excitation (Ex) and emission (Em) maxima, in nm. Spectra of phallotoxins are either in aqueous buffer, pH 7–9 (denoted †) or in methanol.
| Actin-Selective Probe | Ex/Em* | ~MW | Cat. No. |
|---|---|---|---|
| coumarin phallacidin | 355/443† | 1100 | C606 |
| NBD phallacidin | 465/536† | 1040 | N354 |
| fluorescein phalloidin | 496/516† | 1175 | F432 |
| Oregon Green® 488 phalloidin | 496/520† | 1180 | O7466 |
| BODIPY® FL phallacidin | 505/512† | 1125 | B607 |
| Oregon Green® 514 phalloidin | 511/528† | 1281 | O7465 |
| eosin phalloidin | 524/544† | 1500 | E7463 |
| rhodamine phalloidin | 540/565† | 1250 | R415 |
| BODIPY® 558/568 phalloidin | 558/569† | 1115 | B3475 |
| BODIPY® 581/591 phalloidin | 584/592† | 1150 | B3416 |
| Texas Red®-X phalloidin | 591/608† | 1490 | T7471 |
| BODIPY® 650/665 phalloidin | 647/661† | 1200 | B12382 |
| biotin-XX phalloidin | N/A | 1300 | B7474 |
* Excitation (Ex) and emission (Em) maxima, in nm. Spectra of phallotoxins are either in aqueous buffer, pH 7–9 (denoted †) or in methanol.
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